Written by:
Jyoti Kumari
India’s diverse landscape and bustling cities present a unique set of challenges when it comes to accidents. According to the National Crime Records Bureau of India, road accidents alone claimed over 1.5 lakh lives in 2021. Being prepared with first-aid knowledge can significantly improve the outcome of these emergencies.
The critical importance of first aid
Before diving into specific situations, let’s establish why first-aid knowledge is crucial. In the critical moments following an accident or sudden illness, immediate and proper first-aid interventions can:
Preserve life
By ensuring an open airway, maintaining breathing, and controlling bleeding, first-aid can buy precious time for professional medical help to arrive.
Prevent further harm
Prompt first-aid measures can minimize the severity of an injury or illness, reducing the risk of complications and long-term health issues.
Promote recovery
Proper first-aid can promote the healing process and aid in a faster recovery for the injured or ill person.
Reduce anxiety
Knowing how to react calmly and effectively in an emergency can alleviate stress and fear for both the victim and those around them.
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Before diving into specific situations, let’s establish why first-aid knowledge is crucial. In the critical moments following an accident or sudden illness, immediate and proper first-aid interventions can:
Ensure safety
Remove yourself and the victim from any danger that caused the injury.
Assess the victim
Check for consciousness, breathing, and any bleeding.
Call for help
If the situation is serious, dial the national emergency number (100) for police, ambulance (102), or fire services (101).
Provide first aid
Based on the injury, administer basic first aid while waiting for help.
Monitor the victim
Keep them comfortable and monitor their condition until medical help arrives.
Before diving into specific situations, let’s establish why first-aid knowledge is crucial. In the critical moments following an accident or sudden illness, immediate and proper first-aid interventions can:
A - Airway
Ensure the airway is clear of any obstructions that might prevent breathing. Check for responsiveness by gently shaking the person and asking loudly if they are alright.
B - Breathing
Look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. If the person is not breathing, initiate CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation).
C - Circulation
Check for a pulse at the wrist or neck. If there is no pulse, CPR is crucial.
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Common accidents and First Aid responses in India
Here’s how to handle some of the most common accidents in India:
1. Wounds
These are the most common injuries. Here’s what to do:
Clean the wound
Wash the wound thoroughly with clean, running water for at least 5 minutes.
Stop bleeding
Apply gentle, direct pressure on the wound with a clean cloth until bleeding stops.
Dress the wound
Once clean and dry, cover the wound with a sterile bandage.
Seek medical attention if:
The wound is deep or gaping.
Bleeding is excessive and doesn't stop with pressure.
here are signs of infection (redness, swelling, pus).
(Source: Indian Red Cross Society)
2. Burns
Burns can be caused by heat, chemicals, or electricity. Here’s what to do:
Cool the burns
For minor burns (first-degree), run cool (not cold) water over the area for 10-15 minutes.
Loose bandage
Cover the burn loosely with a sterile bandage or clean cloth. Do not apply ointments or creams.
Seek medical attention if:
The burn is larger than 2 inches in diameter.
The burn is second or third-degree (blisters, white or charred skin).
There is chemical or electrical burn.
(Source: Mayo Clinic)
3. Fractures
A broken bone can cause pain, swelling, and deformity. Here’s what to do
Immobilize the area
Use a sling, splint, or other means to prevent further movement of the injured bone.
Apply ice
Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling and pain.
Seek medical attention if:
Always seek medical attention for a suspected fracture to get a proper diagnosis and treatment.
The burn is second or third-degree (blisters, white or charred skin).
There is chemical or electrical burn.
(Source: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
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4. Snakebites
Snakebites are a serious medical emergency in India. Here’s what to do:
Stay calm
Avoid movement around the bite area to slow venom spread.
Loose bandage
Apply a loose bandage above the bite (NOT a tourniquet).
Seek immediate medical attention
Get the victim to a hospital as soon as possible.
(Source: World Health Organization)
5. Animal bites
Animal bites can cause puncture wounds and rabies risk. Here’s what to do:
Wash the wound
Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and clean water for at least 10 minutes.
Control bleeding
Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth.
Seek medical attention
Get the victim a tetanus shot and address potential rabies risk
(Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention )
6. Head injuries
Head injuries can range from mild bumps to life-threatening situations. Here’s what to do:
Control bleeding
Apply gentle pressure to any bleeding wounds with a clean cloth.
Monitor consciousness
Check for responsiveness and signs of confusion.
Seek medical attention
If there is loss of consciousness, vomiting, or severe headache, get the person to a hospital immediately.
(Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention )
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7. Sprains and strains:
These are soft tissue injuries involving muscles, ligaments, or tendons. Here’s what to do:
RICE principle
Apply Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation to the injured area.
Over-the-counter pain relievers
Use medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen to manage pain and inflammation.
Seek medical attention if:
Pain is severe or doesn't improve with home care.
There is significant swelling or bruising
The injured area feels unstable or unable to bear weight.
(Source: Mayo Clinic)
8. Choking
Choking is a life-threatening emergency. Here’s what to do:
For adults
Perform the Heimlich maneuver. Stand behind the person, wrap your arms around their waist, make a fist with your thumb side against their abdomen just above the navel, and forcefully thrust upwards.
For infants
Use back blows and chest thrusts. If you're alone with the choking person, alternate between five back blows and five chest thrusts. Call emergency services immediately.
(Source: American Red Cross)
9. Fainting
Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow to the brain. Here’s what to do:
Lay the person flat on their back
Loosen any tight clothing
Elevate their legs slightly
Monitor breathing
Learn essential first aid basics for common accidents in India. This guide covers practical steps to handle emergencies, ensuring safety and preparedness in everyday situations.
Seek medical attention if:
Fainting is accompanied by a seizure, chest pain, or difficulty breathing.
The person doesn't regain consciousness within a few minutes.
The person has a history of fainting spells.
(Source: National Institutes of Health)
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10. Allergic reactions
Allergic reactions can range from mild (rash, itching) to severe (anaphylaxis). Here’s what to do:
Remove the allergen
If possible, identify and remove the allergen from the person's environment.
Antihistamines
For mild allergic reactions, consider using an over-the-counter antihistamine.
Seek medical attention if:
There is difficulty breathing, wheezing, or swelling of the face or throat.
The person experiences dizziness, nausea, or vomiting.
Remember
With first-aid knowledge and a well-equipped kit, you can be prepared to handle common accidents and potentially save lives. By empowering yourself and your loved ones with this knowledge, you can create a safer and more prepared community.
Milaap: Your partner in emergency response
Milaap, a leading Indian crowdfunding platform, can be a valuable resource in case of a medical emergency. If an accident leads to a high medical bill, Milaap allows you to connect with a vast network of donors who can help bridge the financial gap.
Additional First-Aid tips
Here are some additional tips to remember:
Assemble a well-stocked first-aid kit
Keep a kit at home and in your car, containing essential supplies like bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, and a thermometer.
Take a first-aid course
Enroll in a basic first-aid course to gain practical skills and boost your confidence in handling emergencies.
Stay informed
Regularly update your knowledge on first-aid procedures and CPR techniques.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Disclaimer
The information provided in this article is for general knowledge only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified medical professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition.
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